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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlygface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"woundedface="Times New Roman Star"ðàíåíûéface="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (MK, KB)







face="Times New Roman Star"palyg|face="Times New Roman Star"palyg|face="Times New Roman Star"balu



face="Times New Roman Star"balyg|face="Times New Roman Star"balyg|









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 53, EDT 335, ÝÑÒß 2, 88-89. Turk. > Bur. bala 'bruise, injury'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burkyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wrinkledface="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðùåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"burqyface="Times New Roman Star"burqy, burqyg| 'wrinkle'


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bilekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wrist, forearmface="Times New Roman Star"çàïÿñòüå, ïðåäïëå÷üåface="Times New Roman Star"bilek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bilek (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bele|kface="Times New Roman Star"bilek (Áîð. Áàä., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bilakface="Times New Roman Star"bila"k
face="Times New Roman Star"bila"kface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"p@lekface="Times New Roman Star"pilek (R, Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"belek

face="Times New Roman Star"belenc?ik, belenn/ik (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"bilek
face="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bela"kface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"bilek
face="Times New Roman Star"bilekface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 338-339, VEWT 76, TMN 2, 314, ÝÑÒß 2, 145-146, Äûáî 172-175 (with detailed analysis of phonetic variants and derivatives), Ëåêñèêà 256. Turk. *bilek-ju"r/u"k > *bile(g)r/u"k 'bracelet' (EDT 345, Stachowski 60) > Mong. bilu"c?u"g / bilisu"g / bu"lu"z?|u"g (see Clark 1980, 41).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kotur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"yakface="Times New Roman Star"ÿê
face="Times New Roman Star"qotuz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"xotozface="Times New Roman Star"qutaz (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qotas (Pav. C.), qutuz (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tasface="Times New Roman Star"qotaz
face="Times New Roman Star"Gotazface="Times New Roman Star"Gotaz








face="Times New Roman Star"qotos




face="Times New Roman Star"qutas


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 608, ÝÑÒß 6, 81-82.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"yearface="Times New Roman Star"ãîäface="Times New Roman Star"jyl (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyl (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"jyl (MA), il (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"jilface="Times New Roman Star"jilface="Times New Roman Star"jilface="Times New Roman Star"ilface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"c?ilface="Times New Roman Star"c?ylface="Times New Roman Star"d/yl

face="Times New Roman Star"sylface="Times New Roman Star"hylface="Times New Roman Star"c?ylface="Times New Roman Star"c?ylface="Times New Roman Star"z?|ylface="Times New Roman Star"z?ylface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"z?ylface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"z?ylface="Times New Roman Star"jelface="Times New Roman Star"jylface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 917, ÝÑÒß 4, 275, Ëåêñèêà 70-71, Stachowski 118.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"youngface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas
face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?face="Times New Roman Star"c?as
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as?



face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?face="Times New Roman Star"c?es?face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jas
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas?
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, jes?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 162, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots; within Turkic hardly distinguishable from *ja:l/ 'green vegetables; green', but historically different).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bod-tak
face="Times New Roman Star"young lambface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿãíåíîê 2 õîëîñòîé


face="Times New Roman Star"bujdak 2 (ba"ti áàðàøåê < Chuv.?)face="Times New Roman Star"bojdag| (R) 1 ìîëîäîé áàðàí 2 õîëîñòîéface="Times New Roman Star"bo.jdo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"postan|, postug| 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdon| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"pod'ak, dial. put@ 1, êîçëåíîê **AD

face="Times New Roman Star"bottan| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bojdok 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (âàëóõ ñòàðøå îäíîãî ãîäà; ÿëîâûé), 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdak 2face="Times New Roman Star"bujzaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bojdax 2, 'ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê'face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (âàëóõ ñòàðøå îäíîãî ãîäà), 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 77-8, Ôåäîòîâ 1 455 **AD. Turk. > Kalm. bojd@g (KW 49), Khalkha, Bur. bojtog 'fur boots'. Shor postan| seems to point to *bod-tak, but this is probably a secondary influence of *bod > pos (the roots are different anyway, being distinguished not only by *-j- *-d-, but also by vowel length). **AD Îòêóäà äîëãîòà? Íåò íèêàêèõ îñíîâàíèé. Ñåìàíòèêà ïðîèçâîäÿùåãî *bod| - ðîñò, òåëî, ñàì, îäèíîêèé, õîëîñòîé, ó ïðîèçâîäíîãî - õîëîñòîé, ìîëîäîé áàðàí (â ÷-òè øîð. postan|, postug|, ñàã. postan| 'õîëîñòîé').
face="Times New Roman Star"*jEgit / *jigitface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young man, brave manface="Times New Roman Star"þíîøà, õðàáðåöface="Times New Roman Star"jigit (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigit (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jijitface="Times New Roman Star"jegetface="Times New Roman Star"jigit (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigitface="Times New Roman Star"jigitface="Times New Roman Star"jigit, jigyt, jygytface="Times New Roman Star"igitface="Times New Roman Star"jigitface="Times New Roman Star"c?i:tface="Times New Roman Star"c?in|etface="Times New Roman Star"d/i:t




face="Times New Roman Star"n/i:tface="Times New Roman Star"z?|igitface="Times New Roman Star"z?igitface="Times New Roman Star"jigitface="Times New Roman Star"jegetface="Times New Roman Star"z?|igit, zigitface="Times New Roman Star"i:tface="Times New Roman Star"igitface="Times New Roman Star"z?igitface="Times New Roman Star"jihit, ix|itface="Times New Roman Star"jigit, igitface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 911, VEWT 203, TMN 4, 185, ÝÑÒß 4, 198-199, Ëåêñèêà 301. Turk. > WMong. jigede, Kalm. je:d@ (KW 218).
face="Times New Roman Star"*enu"k ( ? *u"nek)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of a wild animal, puppyface="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø äèêîãî æèâîòíîãî, ùåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"enik, enz?|ek
face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"a"nix (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?
face="Times New Roman Star"anz?|úkface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"enik





face="Times New Roman Star"jenik



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183, VEWT 44, ÝÑÒß 1, 281-283, Åãîðîâ 29, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of birds and animalsface="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø ïòèö è æèâîòíûõ

face="Times New Roman Star"javru, javry
face="Times New Roman Star"javry (Ettuhf.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|vúw|r, s/urú








face="Times New Roman Star"javru



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ÝÑÒß 4, 53, Ëåêñèêà 168-169, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 140-141, TMN 4, 220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*botuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of camelface="Times New Roman Star"âåðáëþæîíîê
face="Times New Roman Star"botu (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"potak (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"butaface="Times New Roman Star"bota 'child; young of animal' (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo.taface="Times New Roman Star"bota
face="Times New Roman Star"pota 'young of buffalo, bear'









face="Times New Roman Star"botoface="Times New Roman Star"botaface="Times New Roman Star"botaface="Times New Roman Star"buta

face="Times New Roman Star"botaface="Times New Roman Star"bota

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 299, ÝÑÒß 2, 198-200, Ëåêñèêà 448 (with an error: the Az. form is listed as Turkm.) ( > MMong. botog|an, KW 53, TMN 2, 328-329, Ùåðáàê 1997, 109; Oyr. boto:n and Tuva bo'dag|an are probably backloans from Mong.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":l/ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of camelface="Times New Roman Star"âåðáëþæîíîê

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek, go"s?ek (dial.), go"lu"k 'cub'
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s?ek (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"ko":s?ek



face="Times New Roman Star" > Hung. ko"lyo"k (see Gombocz 1912)






face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"ke|j 'calf'


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ek (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kile|j (dial.) 'cub'face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 126-127.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.nkajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old)face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø êîïûòíûõ æèâîòíûõ (äî ãîäà)











face="Times New Roman Star"anaj

face="Times New Roman Star"yn|a:x 'young of ungulates and bears'
face="Times New Roman Star"anaj, Todzh. a'najface="Times New Roman Star"anhaj









face="Times New Roman Star"Ðàññàäèí 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iniface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"younger brotherface="Times New Roman Star"ìëàäøèé áðàòface="Times New Roman Star"ini (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ini (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"i>ni>face="Times New Roman Star"ini (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"ini, ynyface="Times New Roman Star"ini (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ini

face="Times New Roman Star"ini, i:n

face="Times New Roman Star"ini, ini:face="Times New Roman Star"ini-bi:

face="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"i>ni>face="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"i>ni>


face="Times New Roman Star"ini
face="Times New Roman Star"iniface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 170, VEWT 172, TMN 2, 226, ÝÑÒß 1, 362-363, Ëåêñèêà 292, Stachowski 126.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEnc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young, childface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé, ðåáåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kenc? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-




face="Times New Roman Star"ga"nz?|














face="Times New Roman Star"genc?/z?|-face="Times New Roman Star"genc?


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 727, ÝÑÒß 3, 20-21, VEWT 252 (not < Pers., despite Ra"sa"nen; see TMN 1, 488).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?yganak
face="Times New Roman Star"ìîææåâåëüíèêface="Times New Roman Star"juniper
















face="Times New Roman Star"s?a:naqface="Times New Roman Star"as?a:naq (Ðàñ. ÔèË 89.)



face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|ana(q) 'thorn'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 107.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ije-

face="Times New Roman Star"ðîä ÿãîäûface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of berry






face="Times New Roman Star"c?ijelek 'strawberry'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ije 'cherry'








face="Times New Roman Star"c?ije 'cherry'face="Times New Roman Star"s?ije








,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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